The aim of the study is to detect whether platelet rich plasma (PRP) is equal to tranexemic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and transfusion rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and compare clinical outcomes, complications, and cost effectiveness between the two groups. This is one of the first randomized, controlled trials that compare both materials in elective knee arthroplasty.

120 patients were randomized. Postoperative blood loss was determined and compared by measuring the total drainage suction together with the hemoglobin level and blood transfusion rate. Thromboembolic complications and knee society score were recorded.

The mean total drain output was 469 mL in the TXA group compared with 698 mL in the PRP group, with statistical significance. There were significant differences in reduction of hemoglobin level (TXA: 1.21 vs. PRP: 2.08). The rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients given TXA was higher than those given PRP, however, there were no significant differences. No transfusions were required in either group, and no significant differences were found in the length of hospital stay, pain assessment and knee society score.

Though the blood loss was significantly bigger in the custom-made PRP group, no transfusions were required. Meanwhile, the rate of DVT in the PRP group tends to be lower than those in TXA group. We concluded that PRP was not superior to TXA in reducing perioperative blood loss, however further large-scale randomized trials are crucial to confirm these results to be added to the calling literature.