Abe N (1937) Post-larval development of the coral Fungia actiniformis var. palawensis Doederlein. Palao Trop Biol Station Stud 1:73–93

Google Scholar 

Babcock RC (1984) Reproduction and distribution of two species of Goniastrea (Scleractinia) from the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 2:187–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263572

Article  Google Scholar 

Babcock RC, Heyward AJ (1986) Larval development of certain gamete-spawning scleractinian corals. Coral Reefs 5:111–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298178

Article  Google Scholar 

Babcock RC, Bull GD, Harrison PL, Heyward AJ, Oliver JK, Wallace CC, Willis BL (1986) Synchronous spawnings of 105 scleractinian coral species on the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Biol 90:379–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428562

Article  Google Scholar 

Baird AH, Guest JR, Willis BL (2009a) Systematic and biogeographical patterns in the reproductive biology of scleractinian corals. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:551–571. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120220

Article  Google Scholar 

Baird AH, Birrel CL, Hughes TP, Mcdonald A, Nojima S, Page CA, Prachett MS, Yamasaki H (2009b) Latitudinal variation in reproductive synchrony in Acropora assemblages: Japan vs. Australia. Galaxea, J Coral Reef Stud 11:101–108. https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.11.101

Article  Google Scholar 

Baird AH, Kospartov MC, Purcell S (2010) Reproductive synchrony in Acropora sssemblages on reefs of New Caledonia. Pac Sci 64:405–412. https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.405

Article  Google Scholar 

Baird AH, Abrego D, Howells EJ, Cumbo VR (2014) The reproductive season of Acropora in Socotra, Yemen. F1000Res 3:78

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bauman AG, Guest JR, Dunshea G, Low J, Todd PA, Steinberg PD (2015) Coral settlement on a highly disturbed equatorial reef system. PLoS ONE 10:e0127874. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127874

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bos AR, Hoeksema BW (2015) Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines. Environ Biol Fish 98:1479–1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0

Article  Google Scholar 

Boschma H (1922) On budding and coalescence of buds in Fungia fungites and Fungia actiniformis. Proc K Ned Akad Wet 24:257–268

Google Scholar 

Buccheri E, Ricardo GF, Babcock RC, Mumby PJ, Doropoulos C (2023) Fertilisation kinetics among common Indo-Pacific broadcast spawning corals with distinct and shared functional traits. Coral Reefs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02431-2

Article  Google Scholar 

Cesar SA, Amoin NB, Dy DT (2014) Thermal stress affects zooxanthellae density and chlorophyll-a concentration of the solitary mushroom coral, Heliofungia actiniformis. Philipp J Sci 143:35–42

Google Scholar 

Combosch DJ, Vollmer SV (2013) Mixed asexual and sexual reproduction in the Indo-Pacific reef coral Pocillopora damicornis. Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.721

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dela Cruz DW, Harrison PL (2020) Optimising conditions for in vitro fertilization success of Acropora tenuis, A. millepora and Favites colemani corals in northwestern Philippines. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 524:151286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2019.151286

Article  Google Scholar 

Eyal-Shaham L, Eyal G, Sakai K, Nozawa Y, Harii S, Sinniger F, Bronstein O, Ben-Zvi O, Shlesinger T, Loya Y (2019) Repetitive sex change in the stony coral Herpolitha limax across a wide geographic range. Sci Rep 9:2936. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37619-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eyal-Shaham L, Eyal G, Ben-Zvi O, Sakai K, Harii S, Sinniger F, Hirose M, Cabaitan P, Bronstein O, Feldman B, Shlesinger T, Levy O, Loya Y (2020) A unique reproductive strategy in the mushroom coral Fungia fungites. Coral Reefs 39:1793–1804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-02004-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Gilmour J, Speed CW, Babcock R (2016) Coral reproduction in Western Australia. PeerJ 4:e2010. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2010

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goffredo S, Chadwick-Furman N (2003) Comparative demography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) at Eilat, northern Red Sea. Mar Biol 142:411–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0980-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Gomez EJ, Jamodiong EA, Maboloc EA, Ligson CA, Tabalanza TD, Villanueva RD, Cabaitan PC (2018) Gametogenesis and reproductive pattern of the reef-building coral Acropora millepora in northwestern Philippines. Invertebr Reprod Dev 62:202–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2018.1496155

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Green E, Shirley F (1999) The global trade in corals. WCMC Biodivers Ser 10:1–74

Google Scholar 

Grinblat M, Eyal-Shaham L, Eyal G, Ben-Zvi O, Harii S, Morita M, Sakai K, Hirose M, Miller DJ, Loya Y (2023) Energy allocation trade-offs as a function of age in fungiid corals. Front Mar Sci 10:1113987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1113987

Article  Google Scholar 

Guest J, Baird A, Goh B, Chou L (2002) Multispecific, synchronous coral spawning in Singapore. Coral Reefs 21:422–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-002-0263-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Harrison PL (2011) Sexual reproduction of scleractinian corals. In: Dubinsky Z, Stambler N (eds) Coral reefs: an ecosystem in transition. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 59–85

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Hayashibara T, Shimoike K, Kimura T, Hosaka S, Heyward A, Harrison P, Kudo K, Omori M (1993) Patterns of coral spawning at Akijima Island, Okinawa, Japan. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 101:253–262

Article  Google Scholar 

Hoeksema B (1989) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae). Zool Verh 254(1):1–295

Google Scholar 

Hoeksema BW (2012) Distribution patterns of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) across the Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi. Raffles Bull Zool 60:183–212

Google Scholar 

Hoeksema BW, Yeemin T (2011) Late detachment conceals serial budding by the free-living coral Fungia fungites in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Coral Reefs 30:975–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0784-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Hoeksema B, Rogers A. Quibilan M 2008. Heliofungia actiniformis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T133269A3663591. Accessed 19 Sep 2023

Hoeksema BW, Van Der Meij SET, Fransen CHJM (2012a) The mushroom coral as a habitat. J Mar Biol Ass 92:647–663. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411001445

Article  Google Scholar 

Hoeksema BW, Matthews JL, Yeemin T (2012b) The 2010 coral bleaching event and its impact on the mushroom coral fauna of Koh Tao, western Gulf of Thailand. Phuket Mar Biol Cent Res Bull 71:71–81

Google Scholar 

Hoeksema BW, Bouwmeester J, Range P, Ben-Hamadou R (2018) A large aggregation of self-fragmenting mushroom corals in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Ecology 99:1236–1238. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2139

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Howells EJ, Abrego D, Vaughan GO, Burt JA (2014) Coral spawning in the Gulf of Oman and relationship to latitudinal variation in spawning season in the northwest Indian Ocean. Sci Rep 4:7484. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07484

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jamodiong EA, Maboloc EA, Leriorato JC, Tañedo MCS, Diaz LA, Tabalanza TD, Cabaitan PC, Villanueva RD (2018a) Coral spawning and spawn-slick observation in the Philippines. Mar Biodivers 48:2187–2192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0680-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Jamodiong EA, Maboloc EA, Villanueva RD, Cabaitan PC (2018b) Gametogenesis and inter-annual variability in the spawning pattern of Acropora hyacinthus in Northwestern Philippines. Zool Stud. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2018.57-46

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Knittweis L (2008) Population demographics and life history characteristics of Heliofungia actiniformis: a fungiid coral species exploited for the live coral aquarium trade in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Dissertation, Bremen University

Knittweis L, Wolff M (2010) Live coral trade impacts on the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in Indonesia: potential future management approaches. Biol Cons 143:2722–2729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.019

Article  Google Scholar 

Knittweis L, Kraemer WE, Timm J, Kochzius M (2009a) Genetic structure of Heliofungia actiniformis (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) populations in the Indo-Malay Archipelago: implications for live coral trade management efforts. Conserv Genet 10:241–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9566-5

Article  Google Scholar 

Knittweis L, Jompa J, Richter C, Wolff M (2009b) Population dynamics of the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coral Reefs 28:793–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0513-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Kramarsky-Winter E, Loya Y (1998) Reproductive strategies of two fungiid corals from the northern Red Sea:environmental constraints? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 174:175–182. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps174175

Article  Google Scholar 

Krupp DA (1983) Sexual reproduction and early development of the solitary coral Fungia scutaria (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Coral Reefs 2:159–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336722

Article  Google Scholar 

Loya Y, Sakai K (2008) Bidirectional sex change in mushroom stony corals. Proc R Soc B 275:2335–2343. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0675

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loya Y, Sakai K, Heyward A (2009) Reproductive patterns of fungiid corals in Okinawa, Japan. Galaxea, J Coral Reef Stud 11:119–129. https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.11.119

Article  Google Scholar 

Maboloc EA, Jamodiong EA, Villanueva RD (2016) Reproductive biology and larval development of the scleractinian corals Favites colemani and F. abdita (Faviidae) in northwestern Philippines. Invertebr Reprod Dev 60:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1086829

Article  Google Scholar 

Mangubhai S, Harrison P (2008) Asynchronous coral spawning patterns on equatorial reefs in Kenya. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 360:85–96. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07385

Article  Google Scholar 

Michalek-Wagner K, Willis BL (2001) Impacts of bleaching on the soft coral Lobophytum compactum. II. Biochemical changes in adults and their eggs. Coral Reefs 19:240–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00006959

Article  Google Scholar 

Nozawa Y, Harrison PL (2005) Temporal se