aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;

bDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD;

cDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;

dDepartment of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA;

eDepartment of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD;

fUniversity of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI;

gDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC;

hDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;

iDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and

jDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.

Reprints: Joseph T. Patterson, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033-5322 (e-mail: [email protected]).

The VANCO study was funded by Grant W81XWH-10-2-0134 from the DOD's Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program. This secondary analysis was funded by a Young Investigator Research Development Award from AO Trauma North America. Neither sponsor had a role in the design or conduct of the trial; the collection, management, analysis, secondary analysis, or interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript for submission.

Joseph T. Patterson: AOTrauma North America: Research support Johnson & Johnson: Paid consultant Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member. Gerard P. Slobogean: Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Editorial or governing board Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member Smith & Nephew: Paid consultant Tyber Medical: Paid consultant Zimmer: Paid consultant. Joshua L. Gary: AO North America: Board or committee member; Research support Curvafix: Paid presenter or speaker Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American: Editorial or governing board Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Editorial or governing board Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member Smith & Nephew: Paid presenter or speaker Stryker: Paid presenter or speaker Summitt Medventures: Stock or stock Options Synthes: Paid presenter or speaker Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Editorial or governing board. Renan C. Castillo: no disclosures. Reza Firoozabadi: AO North America Research Committee: Board or committee member AO North America Teaching Honorarium: Paid presenter or speaker Innomed: IP royalties Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member SI-Bone: Paid consultant Smith & Nephew: Paid consultant Synthes: Paid consultant Tyber Medical: Paid consultant. Anthony R. Carlini: no disclosures. Manjari Joshi: IDCP: Editorial or governing board. Lauren E. Allen: no disclosures. Yanjie Huang: no disclosures. William T. Obremskey: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American: Editorial or governing board Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Editorial or governing board Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Editorial or governing board Southeastern Fracture Consortium: Board or committee member. Todd O. McKinley: Innomed: IP royaltiesJ. Spence Reid Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: Editorial or governing board Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Editorial or governing board Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society: Board or committee member Osteocentric: Stock or stock Options ROM3 now ROMtech: Stock or stock Options Synthes: Paid consultant; Research support. Robert V. O'Toole: Imagen: Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options lincotek (formerly Coorstek): IP royalties Stryker: Paid consultant. Nathan N. O'Hara: Arbutus Medical Inc.: Stock or stock Options Pilot and Feasibility Studies: Editorial or governing board.

This secondary analysis was conducted with IRB approval from the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA HS-20-00887.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.jorthotrauma.com).