Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to the improvement of the quality of life. It reduces the mortality risk for the majority of patients when compared with dialysis.1 It is well known that patient and graft survival is influenced by several variables, such as graft rejections, infections, and metabolic disorders, all related to the recipients and transplant characteristics.2 Diabetes is a common and vital complication following kidney transplantation. Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) describes the presence of diabetes after transplantation, irrespective of the timing of diagnosis or whether it was present but undetected before transplantation.3 The term is previously known as new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), can be defined as persistent hyperglycemia after 30 days of transplantation, and excludes patients with pretransplant diabetes that was undiagnosed as post-transplant hyperglycemia that resolves by the time of discharge.4 It is well known that kidney transplant recipients gain significant weight during the first year after KT.5 This weight gain may contribute to the development of PTDM, cardiovascular diseases, and other comorbidities, leading to less favorable graft outcomes in these individuals.6

Studies for PTDM reported rates ranging from 14% to 20% in the first year post-transplantation.7, 8, 9 PTDM results from predisposing factors (similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus), such as old age and obesity,10 but also as a result of specific post-transplant risk factors as the immunosuppressive drugs used in this population like glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors.10, 11, 12 The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus after KT and changes in the nutritional status and body composition profile in patients who developed diabetes one year after KT surgery.