https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/neuroendocrine.pdf.

Strosberg JR, Halfdanarson TR, Bellizzi AM, et al. The north American neuroendocrine tumor society consensus guidelines for surveillance and medical management of midgut neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2017;46:707–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pavel M, Baudin E, Couvelard A, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95:157–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaba RC. Chemoembolization practice patterns and technical methods among interventional radiologists: results of an online survey. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198:692–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salem R, Gilbertsen M, Butt Z, et al. Increased quality of life among hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radioembolization compared with chemoembolization. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1358-1365.e1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen JX, Rose S, White SB, El-Haddad G, Fidelman N, Yarmohammadi H, Hwang W, Sze DY, Kothary N, Stashek K, Wileyto EP, Salem R, Metz DC, Soulen MC. Embolotherapy for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases: prognostic factors for hepatic progression-free survival and overall survival. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017;40:69–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fine RL, Gulati AP, Krantz BA, Moss RA, Schreibman S, Tsushima DA, Mowatt KB, Dinnen RD, Mao Y, Stevens PD, Schrope B, Allendorf J, Lee JA, Sherman WH, Cabot JA. Capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) for metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013;71:663–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cives M, Ghayouri M, Morse B, Brelsford M, Black M, Rizzo A, Meeker A, Stroberg J. Analysis of potential response predictors to capecitabine/temozolomide in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016;23:759–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kunz PL, Graham NT, Catalano PJ, Nimeiri HS, Fisher GA, Longacre TA, Suarez CJ, Martin BA, Yao JC, Kulke MH, Hendifar AE, Shanks JC, Shah MH, Zalupski MM, Schmulbach EL, Reidy-Lagunes DL, Strosberg JR, O’Dwyer PJ, Benson AB 3rd. 2022 A randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (ECOG-ACRIN E2211). J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(7):1359–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soulen MC, van Houten D, Teitelbaum UR, et al. Safety and feasibility of integrating Yttrium-90 radioembolization with capecitabine–temozolomide for grade 2 liver-dominant metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2018;47(8):980–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Currie BM, Hoteit M, Ben-Josef E, Nadolski GJ, Soulen MC. Radioembolization-induced chronic hepatotoxicity: a single-center cohort analysis. J Vasc Intervent Radiol. 2019;30:1915–23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hickey R, Mulcahy MF, Lewandowski RJ, et al. Chemoradiation of hepatic malignancies: prospective, phase 1 study of full-dose capecitabine with escalating doses of yttrium-90 radioembolization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;88:1025–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen SJ, Konski AA, Putnam S, Ball DS, Meyer JE, Yu JQ, Astsaturov I, Marlow C, Dickens A, Cade DN, Merepol NJ. Phase I study of capecitabine combined with radioembolization using yttrium-90 resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres) in patients with advanced cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;111:265–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma RA, Van Hazel GA, Morgan B, et al. Radioembolization of liver metastases from colorectal cancer using yttrium-90 microspheres with concomitant systemic oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1099–106.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Hazel GA, Pavlakis N, Goldstein D, et al. Treatment of fluorouracil-refractory patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer by using yttrium-90 resin microspheres plus concomitant systemic irinotecan chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:4089–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang TX, Chua TC, Morris DL. Radioembolization and chemoembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine liver metastases—a systematic review. Surg Oncol. 2012;21:299–308.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schaarschmidt BM, Wildgruber M, Kloeckner R, et al. 90Y radioembolization in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms: results of an international multicenter study. J Nucl Med. 2022;63:679–85.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Toubah T, Morse B, Strosberg J. Efficacy of capecitabine and temozolomide in small bowel (midgut) neuroendocrine tumors. Curr Oncol. 2022;29:510–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arrese D, Mcnally ME, Chokshi R, Feria-Arias E, Schmidt C, Klemanski D, Gregory G, Khabiri H, Shah M, Bloomston M. Extrahepatic disease should not preclude transarterial chemoembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:1114–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strosberg JR, Caplin ME, Kunz PL, Ruszniewski PB, Bodei L, Hendifar A, Mittra E, Wolin EM, Yao JC, Pavel ME, Grande E, Van Cutsem E, Seregni E, Duarte H, Gericke G, Bartalotta A, Mariani MF, Demange A, Mutevelic S, Krenning EP. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(12):1752–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebbers SC, van Roekel C, Braat MNGJA, Barentsz MW, Lam MGEH, Braat AJAT. Dose-response relationship after yttrium-90-radioembolization with glass microspheres in patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49(5):1700–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chansanti O, Jahangiri Y, Matsui Y, Adachi A, Geeratikun Y, Kaufman JA, Kolbeck KJ, Stevens JS, Farsad K. Tumor dose response in Yttrium-90 resin microsphere embolization for neuroendocrine liver metastases: a tumor-specific analysis with dose estimation using SPECT-CT. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(11):1528–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su Y-K, Mackey RV, Riaz A, et al. Long-term hepatotoxicity of yttrium-90 radioembolization as treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor to the liver. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28:1520–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tomozawa Y, Jahangiri Y, Pathak P, et al. Long-term toxicity after transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 using resin microspheres for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018;29:858–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar