Hartley JL, Davenport M, Kelly DA. Biliary atresia. Lancet. 2009;374:1704–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

LeeVan E, Matsuoka L, Cao S, et al. Biliary-enteric drainage vs primary liver transplant as initial treatment for children with biliary atresia. JAMA Surg. 2019;154:26–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim HB, Elisofon SA. Biliary atresia: biliary-enteric drainage or primary liver transplant? Hepatology. 2020;71:751–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pang X, Cao J, Chen S, et al. Unsupervised clustering reveals distinct subtypes of biliary atresia based on immune cell types and gene expression. Front Immunol. 2021;12:720841.

Moyer K, Kaimal V, Pacheco C, et al. Staging of biliary atresia at diagnosis by molecular profiling of the liver. Genome Med. 2010;2:33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Okubo R, Nio M, Sasaki H, et al. Impacts of early Kasai portoenterostomy on short-term and long-term outcomes of biliary atresia. Hepatology Commun. 2021;5:234–43.

Article  Google Scholar 

Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Branch of Pediatric Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Pediatric Hepatic Transplantation, Branch of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Guidelines for diagnosing & treating biliary atresia,. edition). J Clin Hepatol. 2018;2019(35):2435–40.

Google Scholar 

van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Software. 2011;45:1–67.

Article  Google Scholar 

Foss A, Markatou M, Ray B, Heching A. A semiparametric method for clustering mixed data. Mach Learn. 2016;105:419–58.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ruengvirayudh P, Brooks GP. Comparing stepwise regression models to the best-subsets models, or, the art of stepwise. General Linear Model J. 2016;42:1–14.

Google Scholar 

Sun YQ, Dai SY, Shen Z, et al. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has different efficacy on biliary atresia diagnosis in different hospital patient groups: an application of machine learning approach. Pediatr Surg Int. 2022;38:1131–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Jia LQ, Hu YX, et al. Development and validation of a nomogram incorporating ultrasonic and elastic findings for the preoperative diagnosis of biliary atresia. Acad Radiol. 2021;28:S55-63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Humphrey TM, Stringer MD. Biliary atresia: US diagnosis. Radiology. 2007;244:845–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li SX, Zhang Y, Sun M, et al. Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary atresia: a retrospective analysis of 20 patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:3579.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kotb MA, Sheba M, El Koofy N, et al. Post-portoenterostomy triangular cord sign prognostic value in biliary atresia: a prospective study. Br J Radiol. 2005;78:884–7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xu Y, Yu JK, Zhang RZ, et al. The perinatal infection of cytomegalovirus is an important etiology for biliary atresia in China. Clin Pediatr. 2012;51:109–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang SH, Goswami S, Ma JQ, et al. CD4+T cell subset profiling in biliary atresia reveals ICOS- regulatory T cells as a favorable prognostic factor. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:279.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lavoy EC, Bigley AB, Spielmann G, et al. CMV amplifies T-cell redeployment to acute exercise independently of HSV-1 serostatus. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:257–67.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yin Y, Favoreel HW. Herpesviruses and the type III interferon system. Virol Sin. 2021;36:577–87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xia Q, Zhu XY. Current development and future outlook of pediatric liver transplantation. J Clin Pediatr Surg. 2022;21:401–4.

Google Scholar 

Pham YH, Miloh T. Liver transplantation in children. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22:807–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Gao W, Zhan J, Feng J. Kasai procedure improves nutritional status and decreases transplantation-associated complications. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018;34:387–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aspelund G, Mahdi EM, Rothstein DH, et al. Transitional care for patients with surgical pediatric hepatobiliary disease: choledochal cysts and biliary atresia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34:966–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung P, Chan E, Yeung F, et al. Life long follow up and management strategies of patients living with native livers after Kasai portoenterostomy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:11207.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ng VL, Haber BH, Magee JC, et al. Medical status of 219 children with biliary atresia surviving long-term with their native livers: results from a North American multicenter consortium. J Pediatr. 2014;165:539–46.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shiau H, Schraw JM, Cavallo L, et al. Operational definitions for chronic liver disease manifestations and recurring clinical events in biliary atresia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021;72:584–91.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Takimoto A, Sumida W, Amano H, et al. Postoperative intestinal obstruction in patients with biliary atresia impedes biliary excretion and results in subsequent liver transplantation. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021;37:229–34.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar