Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 970, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

Eugenio Bologna, Leslie Claire Licari, Francesco Ditonno, Edward E. Cherullo, Srinivas Vourganti, Christoper L. Coogan & Riccardo Autorino

Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy

Eugenio Bologna & Leslie Claire Licari

Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Ketan K. Badani, Reza Mehrazin & Reuben Ben-David

Department of Urology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Sarah P. Psutka

Department of Urology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

Francesco Ditonno

Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

Roxana Ramos-Carpinteyro, Nicolas A. Soputro & Jihad Kaouk

Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Jamaal C. Jackson

Department of Urology, Henry Ford Macomb, Clinton Township, MI, USA

Ryan Nelson

Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

Soroush Rais-Bahrami

Department of Urology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA

Wesley M. White

Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Hooman Djaladat

Division of Urology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Phillip M. Pierorazio

Department of Urology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Daniel D. Eun

Department of Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Alexander Kutikov

Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

Vitaly Margulis

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Evan Kovac

Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

Isaac Y. Kim

Department of Urology, University of Louisville Medical Center Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

Uzoma A. Anele

Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Boyd R. Viers

Department of Urology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Room N202B, Gainesville, FL, USA

Li-Ming Su

Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA

Craig G. Rogers & Firas Abdollah

Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Ahmed Ghazi

Department of Urology, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, USA

Jay D. Raman

Department of Urology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

Chandru P. Sundaram

Department of Urology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA

Michael Stifelman

Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

Richard E. Link

Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Simone Crivellaro

Department of Urology, Miami Robotic Surgery at the Comprehensive Urologic Surgery Institute, Miami, FL, USA

Shirin Razdan

Department of Urology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA

Uzoma A. Anele

Conception and design: Bologna, Autorino, Licari, Ditonno, Coogan, and Crivellaro. Data analysis and interpretation: Bologna, Autorino, and Licari. Data acquisition: Bologna, Licari, Razadan, Psutka, Ditonno, Autorino, Badani, Ramos-Carpinteyro, Badani, Soputro, Jackson, Nelson, Rais-Bahrami, White, Djaladat, Pierorazio, Eun, Kutikov, Margulis, Kovac, Kim, Anele, Rogers, Abdollah, Mehrazin, Ben-David, Viers, Li-Ming Su, Ghazi, Cherullo, Vourganti, Coogan, Raman, Stifelman, Link, Kaouk. Drafting the manuscript: Bologna, Autorino, Razadan, Psutka, Anele, and Link. Critical revision of the manuscript for scientific and factual content: Licari, Ditonno, Badani, Ramos-Carpinteyro, Soputro, Psutka, Jackson, Nelson, Rais-Bahrami, White, Djaladat, Pierorazio, Eun, Kutikov, Margulis, Kovac, Kim, Anele, Rogers, Abdollah, Mehrazin, Ben-David, Viers, Li-Ming Su, Ghazi, Cherullo, Vourganti, Coogan, Raman, Stifelman, Link, Kaouk, and Crivellaro. Statistical analysis: Bologna, Autorino, and Licari. Supervision: Autorino, Badani, Nelson, Rais-Bahrami, Kutikov, Mehrazin, Ghazi, Cherullo, Link, Kaouk, and Crivellaro.