The Role of Racism in Childhood Obesity

Hales CM, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Freedman DS, Ogden CL. Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in us youth and adults by sex and age, 2007–2008 to 2015–2016. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1723–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.3060.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806–14. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogden CL, Flegal KM. Obesity and socioeconomic status in adults: United States. 2010;2005–2008:50.

Google Scholar 

Claire Wang Y, Gortmaker SL, Taveras EM. Trends and racial/ethnic disparities in severe obesity among US children and adolescents, 1976–2006. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6(1):12–20. https://doi.org/10.3109/17477161003587774.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rossen LM, Schoendorf KC. Measuring health disparities: trends in racial−ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity among 2- to 18-year old youth in the United States, 2001–2010. Ann Epidemiol. 2012;22(10):698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.07.005.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cunningham SA, Hardy ST, Jones R, Ng C, Kramer MR, Narayan KMV. Changes in the incidence of childhood obesity. Pediatrics. 2022;150(2):e2021053708. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053708.

Anderson PM, Butcher KF, Schanzenbach DW. Understanding recent trends in childhood obesity in the United States. Econ Hum Biol. 2019;34:16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2019.02.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isong IA, Rao SR, Bind MA, Avendaño M, Kawachi I, Richmond TK. Racial and ethnic disparities in early childhood obesity. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):e20170865. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0865.

Friedlander SL, Larkin EK, Rosen CL, Palermo TM, Redline S. Decreased quality of life associated with obesity in school-aged children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(12):1206–11. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.12.1206.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rankin J, Matthews L, Cobley S, et al. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2016;7:125–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S101631.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

King JE, Jebeile H, Garnett SP, Baur LA, Paxton SJ, Gow ML. Physical activity based pediatric obesity treatment, depression, self-esteem and body image: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;19:100342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100342.

Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187–92. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.154628.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cawley J. The economics of obesity. NBER. https://www.nber.org/reporter/2013number4/economics-obesity. Published December 2013. Accessed 27 Mar 2023.

Mocan NH, Tekin E. Obesity, self-esteem and wages. 2009. https://doi.org/10.3386/w15101.

Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-related quality of life of severely obese children and adolescents. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1813–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.14.1813.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maffeis C, Tatò L. Long-term effects of childhood obesity on morbidity and mortality. Horm Res. 2004;55(Suppl. 1):42–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000063462.

Article  Google Scholar 

Biro FM, Wien M. Childhood obesity and adult morbidities. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1499S–1505S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701B.

Braveman PA, Arkin E, Proctor D, Kauh T, Holm N. Systemic and structural racism: definitions, examples, health damages, and approaches to dismantling. Health Aff. 2022;41(2):171–8. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01394.

Article  Google Scholar 

Crimmins EM, Seeman TE. Integrating biology into the study of health disparities. Popul Dev Rev. 2004;30:89–107.

Google Scholar 

Geronimus AT, Hicken M, Keene D, Bound J. “Weathering” and age patterns of allostatic load scores among Blacks and Whites in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(5):826–33. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.060749.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Forde AT, Crookes DM, Suglia SF, Demmer RT. The weathering hypothesis as an explanation for racial disparities in health: a systematic review. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;33:1-18.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.02.011.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alvidrez J, Castille D, Laude-Sharp M, Rosario A, Tabor D. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(S1):S16–20. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304883.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McEWEN BS. Stress, adaptation, and disease: allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;840(1):33–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

McEWEN BS, Seeman T. Protective and Damaging effects of mediators of stress: elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1999;896(1):30–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

Thomas MD, Michaels EK, Reeves AN, et al. Differential associations between everyday versus institution-specific racial discrimination, self-reported health, and allostatic load among black women: implications for clinical assessment and epidemiologic studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;35:20–28.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.05.002.

Walsemann KM, Pearson J, Abbruzzi E. Education in the Jim Crow South and Black-White inequities in allostatic load among older adults. SSM Popul Health. 2022;19:101224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101224.

Miller HN, LaFave S, Marineau L, Stephens J, Thorpe RJ. The impact of discrimination on allostatic load in adults: an integrative review of literature. J Psychosom Res. 2021;146:110434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110434.

Seeman TE, McEwen BS, Rowe JW, Singer BH. Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2001;98(8):4770–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.081072698.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

McEwen BS. Allostasis and allostatic load: implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000;22(2):108–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00129-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Geronimus AT, Hicken MT, Pearson JA, Seashols SJ, Brown KL, Cruz TD. Do US Black women experience stress-related accelerated biological aging? Hum Nat. 2010;21(1):19–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-010-9078-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geronimus AT. Black/white differences in the relationship of maternal age to birthweight: a population-based test of the weathering hypothesis. Soc Sci Med. 1996;42(4):589–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00159-X.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doamekpor LA, Dinwiddie GY. Allostatic load in foreign-born and US-born Blacks: evidence from the 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(3):591–7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302285.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cedillo YE, Murillo AL, Fernández JR. The association between allostatic load and anthropometric measurements among a multiethnic cohort of children. Pediatr Obes. 2019;14(6):e12501. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12501.

Cullin JM. Biological normalcy and body fat: obesity prevalence, fat stigma, and allostatic load among late adolescents and young adults. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2023 Aug;181(4):575–587. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24752. Epub 2023 Apr 25. PMID: 37096804.

Calcaterra V, Vinci F, Casari G, et al. Evaluation of allostatic load as a marker of chronic stress in children and the importance of excess weight. Front Pediatr. 2019 Aug 7;7:335. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00335. PMID: 31440490; PMCID: PMC6693076.

Premji SS, Pana GS, Cuncannon A, Ronksley PE, Dosani A, Hayden KA, Lalani S, Musana JW, Shaikh K, Yim IS; Maternal-infant Global Health Team (MiGHT) Collaborators in Research. Prenatal allostatic load and preterm birth: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 4;13:1004073. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004073. PMID: 36267082; PMCID: PMC9577361.

Barry MC, Zimmer C, Halpern CT. Biomarkers of pre-pregnancy allostatic load and subsequent adverse birth outcomes. SSM Popul Health. 2022;18:101099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101099.

Morrison S, Shenassa ED, Mendola P, Wu T, Schoendorf K. Allostatic load may not be associated with chronic stress in pregnant women, NHANES 1999–2006. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23(5):294–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.03.006.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baicker K, Chandra A, Skinner JS, Wennberg JE. Who you are and where you live: how race and geography affect the treatment of Medicare beneficiaries. Health Aff. 2004;23(Suppl2):VAR-33. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.var.33

Minges KE, Chao A, Nam S, Grey M, Whittemore R. Weight Status, gender, and race/ethnicity: are there differences in meeting recommended health behavior guidelines for adolescents? J Sch Nurs. 2015;31(2):135–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840514554089.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, et al. Pediatric obesity—assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):709–57. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2573.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thornton RLJ, Hernandez RG, Cheng TL. Putting the US preventive services task force recommendation for childhood obesity screening in context. JAMA. 2017;317(23):2378–80. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.3434.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rajjo T, Mohammed K, Alsawas M, et al. Treatment of pediatric obesity: an umbrella systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):763–75. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2574.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Epstein LH, Wilfley DE, Kilanowski C, et al. Family-based behavioral treatment for childhood obesity implemented in pediatric primary care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;329(22):1947–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.8061. This recent randomized trial sets a standard for practical interventions for childhood obesity - family centered and in primary care settings. It also finds lower efficacy among Black children enrolled.

Johnson VR, Acholonu NO, Dolan AC, Krishnan A, Wang EHC, Stanford FC. Racial disparities in obesity treatment among children and adolescents. Curr Obes Rep. 2021;10(3):342–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-021-00442-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schell CJ, Dyson K, Fuentes TL, et al. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of systemic racism in urban environments. Science. 2020;369(6510):eaay4497. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4497.

Satcher LA. Multiply-deserted areas: environmental racism and food, pharmacy, and greenspace access in the Urban South. Environ Sociol. 2022;8(3):279–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2022.2031513.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif